MOTS-c
PreclinicalA peptide your mitochondria make that rose and fell with age in mice, finally beginning its first human tests.
What it is
MOTS-c is a tiny 16-amino-acid peptide with an unusual birth certificate: it is made inside your mitochondria, the little energy factories inside every cell, not from instructions in the nucleus like most proteins. It was discovered in 2015 at the University of Southern California. It is one of the first signaling messages ever found coming from the mitochondria themselves.
How it works
Think of your mitochondria as power plants that also send memos back to headquarters. MOTS-c is that memo. It travels to the cell nucleus and flips switches that shift how your body handles metabolism and stress, notably turning on a sensor called AMPK that acts like a low-fuel alarm telling cells to burn energy and manage sugar better.
What people report
- ✦In mice, it sharpens insulin sensitivity, improves how the body handles glucose, and boosts exercise endurance
- ✦Levels naturally rise with exercise and fall roughly in half between youth and old age
- ✦Aged mice given three shots a week regained treadmill performance and metabolic flexibility
- ✦May nudge cells toward better fat burning and mitochondrial health
Typical use
In the mouse studies it was dosed a few times per week. No settled cycle framework exists for people because human trials are only just beginning.
Dosing reference
No approved human dose exists. The first human study, a phase 2a looking at insulin sensitivity in adults, opened in April 2026 and is still recruiting. Anything sold today is speculative, so verify any source and dosing against that clinical context.
Reference only — not a recommendation. Verify via primary sources.
Watch for
Nearly all the impressive data is from mice. The only human signal so far is a short study of a synthetic analog, not MOTS-c itself. Registering a trial is not the same as finishing one, so treat results as pending.
Notes
Mitochondria making their own signaling peptide was genuinely new biology. That is why scientists are excited, and also why we should wait for the data.
Reconstitution math for MOTS-c
Typical vial: 10mg dissolved in 2ml BAC water. Adjust to see the math.
Reconstitution Calculator
Understand the math — pick a peptide, see its info, and how reconstitution works.
BPC-157
Healing & recoveryThe repair peptide everyone in the gym talks about — powerful in rats, still unproven in humans.
BPC-157 is a short chain of 15 amino acids. It is not a natural hormone your body makes on its own. It was built in a lab as a fragment of a larger 'body protection compound' first found in human stomach juice in the 1990s. Vendors sell this engineered piece, not a natural sequence.
How it works (optional detail)
In animal studies, BPC-157 seems to nudge faster blood-vessel growth at injured spots, which is the body's first step in healing. It also appears to quiet inflammation. The idea is that by tickling repair pathways rather than ordering one single thing, it helps tendons, ligaments, and gut lining recover speedier than they would on their own.
Dosing reference: Common community dosing is a few hundred micrograms a day, usually injected near the site or into belly fat. There is no approved human dose.
Reconstitution math
Concentration: 5.000 mg/ml (10mg in 2ml)
To get 1mg, draw:
0.200 ml
≈ 20 units on a U-100 insulin syringe
This calculator shows how the arithmetic works using common vial sizes. It is an educational illustration — not a dosing recommendation. Always follow the specific product's instructions and verify with primary sources or a qualified professional.
Educational content — not medical advice.